Space
Space Telescope Data Processing
Composite Imagery
These composites begin with the Stage 3 mosaics released through MAST and end with a chain of interpretive choices: filter-to-filter registration, continuum subtraction, non-linear intensity transformations, and the assignment of invisible-wavelength channels to visible color.
Carina Nebula Protostellar Jets
An atomic jet piercing a molecular cocoon in the Carina Nebula
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[Fe II] Emission
Continuum-subtracted 1.644 μm [Fe II] emission traces the ~10,000 K collimated atomic jet driving out of HH 666's dust pillar; spatially concentrated against the surrounding molecular gas.
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H₂ Emission
Continuum-subtracted 4.695 μm molecular hydrogen emission maps the ~2,000 K shocked H₂ cocoon and pillar structure surrounding the embedded protostar.
Stellar Jets Bicolor [FE II] + H₂ Emission
This image shows a collimated atomic [Fe II] jet at ~10,000 K piercing through a surrounding molecular H₂ cocoon, with the spatial geometry of the embedded protostar's outflow made visible through an orange + cyan emission-line composite.
This is just one of Megan Reiter's six-target survey of the Carina Nebula's Herbig-Haro objects, each with a uniform four-filter NIRCam program. The orange channel shows the continuum-subtracted H₂ molecular shocks while cyan shows continuum-subtracted [Fe II] atomic shocks.
- Target
- HH 666 (Herbig-Haro 666)
- Classification
- Protostellar jet (Herbig-Haro object)
- Constellation
- Carina
- Distance
- ~7,500 light-years
- Instruments
- JWST NIRCam
- Release Date
- 2026-06-11
- Principal Investigator
- Megan Reiter
Distance: HH 666 lies within the Carina Nebula complex at ~2.3 kpc / 7,500 light-years (Smith 2006).
Cat's Paw Nebula
NIRCam Observations Of A Star Forming Nebula
NIRCam composite
Colors are mapped from five near-infrared filters.
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F090W
0.9 μm broadband; foreground stars, least-obscured populations
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F187N
1.87 μm narrowband; ionized hydrogen (Paschen-α)
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F277W
2.8 μm broadband; dust penetration
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F335M
3.35 μm medium band; PAH dust emission (photodissociation regions)
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F470N
4.7 μm narrowband; shocked molecular hydrogen (H₂)
H II Cavities Five-Filter NIRCam Composite
This image reveals H II cavities carved out of dense molecular gas by the ultraviolet radiation and stellar winds of newborn massive stars, with PAH-rich photodissociation rims and shocked molecular hydrogen tracing where feedback is actively eroding the parent cloud.
The composite maps foreground and continuum starlight in blue (F090W), Paschen-α ionized hydrogen in cyan (F187N), warm dust and 3.3 μm PAH emission along the cavity rims in green and yellow (F277W, F335M), and shocked H₂ in deep red (F470N).
- Target
- NGC 6334
- Classification
- H II region and massive star-forming complex
- Constellation
- Scorpius
- Distance
- ~5,500 light-years
- Instruments
- JWST NIRCam
- Release Date
- 2025-07-10
- Principal Investigator
- Macarena García Marín
Distance estimates for this complex range from about 4,200 to 5,700 light-years depending on the method used.
Southern Ring Nebula
JWST Early Release Observation Program 2733
NIRCam composite
Colors are mapped from six near-infrared filters.
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F090W
0.9 μm broadband; foreground stars, least-obscured populations
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F187N
1.87 μm narrowband; ionized hydrogen (Paschen-α)
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F212N
2.12 μm narrowband; molecular hydrogen (H₂) in the inner shell
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F356W
3.56 μm broadband; dust and continuum from expanding ejecta
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F405N
4.05 μm narrowband; ionized hydrogen (Brackett-α)
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F470N
4.7 μm narrowband; cooler molecular hydrogen (H₂) in the outer shell
A Dying Star's Layered Ejecta Five-Filter NIRCam Composite
This image reveals the concentric shells of a young planetary nebula, where a dying white dwarf—the faint point visible along one of the diffraction spikes—has expelled layers of gas and dust into space over thousands of years; sculpted by gravitational stirring from the prominent bright star at the center in a tight binary orbit.
A processing choice: I split F405N into its own color rather than merging it with F470N as STScI did, to bring out additional structure in the ionized gas.
- Target
- NGC 3132
- Classification
- Planetary nebula (bipolar, young)
- Constellation
- Vela
- Distance
- ~2,000 light-years
- Instruments
- JWST NIRCam
- Release Date
- 2022-07-12
- Principal Investigator
- Klaus Pontoppidan
NASA quotes distance at ~2,000 ly. The current primary-literature value from Gaia parallax of the central star (Chornay & Walton 2021, cited in the JWST ERO paper) is ~2,500 ly.
Cosmic Cliffs of the Carina Nebula
JWST Early Release Observation Program 2731
NIRCam composite
Colors are mapped from five near-infrared filters.
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F090W
0.9 μm broadband; starlight and the cliff face's dust structure
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F187N
1.87 μm narrowband; ionized hydrogen (Paschen-α), tracing atomic jets erupting along the ridge
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F200W
2.0 μm broadband; stellar continuum across the dust wall
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F335M
3.35 μm medium band; PAH emission glowing along the cliff's eroding rim
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F444W
4.4 μm broadband; warm dust and continuum at base of the cliffscape
The Cosmic Cliffs Five-Filter NIRCam Composite
This image shows the eroding edge of a vast gas cavity, where ultraviolet radiation and stellar winds from massive young stars are slowly carving away the dust wall of NGC 3324, exposing newborn stars and the atomic jets they fire outward as they form.
I've departed substantially from the published palette here by reassigning several channels toward cooler, higher-contrast hues rather than the warm orange-and-blue treatment of the official release. This brings out depth in the cliff face and ridge structure that a closer wavelength-order mapping tends to flatten.
- Target
- NGC 3324
- Classification
- H II region/young star-forming region
- Constellation
- Carina
- Distance
- ~7,600 light-years
- Instruments
- JWST NIRCam
- Release Date
- 2022-07-12
- Principal Investigator
- Klaus Pontoppidan
Pillars of Creation
JWST Program 2739
NIRCam composite
Colors are mapped from five near-infrared filters.
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F090W
0.9 μm broadband; background starlight silhouetting the pillar towers
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F187N
1.87 μm narrowband; ionized hydrogen, tracing jets bursting through the pillar tips
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F200W
2.0 μm broadband; stellar continuum, revealing hundreds of stars hidden within and behind the dust
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F335M
3.35 μm medium band; PAH emission glowing along the pillar edges where radiation is actively eroding them
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F444W
4.4 μm broadband; warm dust and continuum forming the dense body of each pillar
The Pillars of Creation Five-Filter NIRCam Composite
This image reveals towering columns of cold gas and dust several light-years tall, where dense knots are collapsing under their own gravity to form new stars, even as the ultraviolet radiation and winds from nearby young stars slowly erode the pillars away.
As with the Cosmic Cliffs, I've pushed this composite toward a higher-contrast, cooler-toned palette than the official orange-and-blue release, to bring out the layered structure of the dust towers rather than flatten it into a single warm gradient.
- Target
- M16 (Eagle Nebula)
- Classification
- Emission nebula/star-forming region
- Constellation
- Serpens (Serpens Cauda)
- Distance
- ~6,500 light-years
- Instruments
- JWST NIRCam
- Release Date
- 2022-10-19
- Principal Investigator
- Klaus Pontoppidan
Published distances for M16 range from about 5,700 to 7,000 light-years depending on the method used.
About Space Telescope Imagery
Unlike local astrophotography data, space telescope i2d.fits data is already calibrated, dark-subtracted, flat-fielded, and mostly distortion-corrected. My job is alignment, dynamic range control, noise management, flux normalization, color mapping, calibration, and detail enhancement.
All images are public data, processed through multiple applications, and artistically rendered by Erica Jaclyn Stein. Full res options for print and display available. Please send requests to erica@ericajaclyn.com.
Acknowledgements
Some/all of the data presented here were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX13AC07G and by other grants and contracts.
James Webb Space Telescope data courtesy of NASA/JPL, ESA, CSA, STScI.